The Bishops' Wars of 1639 and 1640 were two short campaigns between Charles I and the Scots following the king's attempt to enforce Anglican observances in the Scottish Church and to abolish episcopacy in Scotland, thus the name of the conflicts. During the First Bishops' War, Charles' army made four encampments between Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Berwick-upon-Tweed from May 21st to 27th, 1639, each captioned with their location and their regiments identified by an alphabetical key on the opposite side. This key sits beneath a portrait of King Charles I, which is surmounted by a rectangular cartouche containing the dedication by Thomas Sanford. Sanford, who published the print, served a quartermaster in the Earl of Northumberland's Regiment of Foot (labelled A on the present print) during the army's retreat from Newcastle to York in the Second Bishops' War of 1640.