The first edition of the text of the official account of the first circumnavigation of Australia: "the most outstanding book on the coastal exploration of Australia" (Wantrup).

Flinders sailed from England on 18 July 1801, and during the next two years he surveyed the entire coast of Australia from Cape Leeuwin to Bass Strait. He returned to Port Jackson in 1803 having completed the first circumnavigation of Australia, thus establishing that it was a continent. The text offers a day-by-day record of the expedition. To this work Flinders prefixed an elaborate introduction relating the prior discoveries of the Dutch on the North West and South Coasts of Australia, short accounts of Tasman, Cook, Marion, and his own boat expedition with Bass in which Tasmania was circumnavigated for the first time. Flinders sailed on Bligh's second expedition in 1792, and he includes a brief account from his own journal of the discoveries then made in Torres Straits, as well as an appendix by the expedition botanist, Robert Brown: "General Remarks, Geographical and Systematical, on the Botany of Terra Australis" (Appendix III, pp. 533–613 in vol. 2).

Flinders received little formal training in surveying, but his achievements on this voyage, working under very difficult circumstances, established him as one of the greatest of all coastal surveyors. His natural ability, allied with the great pains he took to insure the accuracy of the printed results, have ensured that the present work is of monumental cartographical significance and that it should be "the centerpiece of any collection of books dealing with Australian coastal discovery" (Wantrup).

On his return voyage to England, Flinders was forced by the state of his ship to seek assistance at the French island of Mauritius. There, despite his passport that instructed all French officers to render him assistance, the French Governor, General De Caen, arrested Flinders, accusing him of spying, and impounded his papers. Ignoring numerous official protests and disregarding even a direct order from Napoleon, De Caen held Flinders prisoner on Mauritius for the next six and a half years, finally releasing him on 14 June 1810. Although mortally ill, Flinders spent the last years of his too-short life preparing this detailed record of the Investigator voyage.

By 1822 several of the charts published in 1814 were obsolete, so they were revised and the whole atlas re-issued by the Hydographical Office of the Admiralty. Some plates were issued with the statement "Corrected to 1822", and the remaining plates, including the coastal profiles and botanical illustrations were issued with the revised imprint and the Hydrographical Office seal, and, in the case of the charts, with compass roses and rhumb-lines. The complete atlas was not again issued by the Hydographical Office but, as time passed, individual plates were revised and reprinted, reprinted without revision, or withdrawn as necessary.

In the present example 12 charts and the four profiles are later, published by the Hydographical Office to the Admiralty rather than by G. & W. Nicol, and all 16 are watermarked "J. Whatman Turkey Mills 1836". A full list is available on request. The ten botanical plates retain the original publisher's G. and W. Nicol imprint.

According to the original manuscript accounts found in the Admiralty Library Archives, the total production cost of printing Flinders work was £628: 7 shillings and 6 pence, plus Paper £1452: 12 shilling and 4 pence, plus engravings £58: 10 shillings, making a staggering £2139: 9 shillings and 10 pence! These records also show that 1,000 copies of the 4to edition and 150 large paper copies were ordered. Due to poor sales, only 98 complete sets of the large paper edition were sold, the remaining 52 were sold at a trade sale without the folio atlas, and only 422 complete sets of the normal 4to edition were sold. The remaining sets were either sold without the plates or charts, and again the residue sold to trade. This explains why the text is found frequently without the atlas.