"The Fraud of the Prince of Poyais"
By GREGOR, MacGregor , 1830
£800
BUY

Poyaisian Land Certificate.

Social & Political
  • Author: GREGOR, MacGregor
  • Publication place: London,
  • Publication date: December 31st, 1830.
  • Physical description: Letterpress certificate. Blind stamp of the Poyaisian Land Office, some small holes along fold lines. Prints 800
  • Dimensions: 505 by 450mm. (20 by 17.75 inches).
  • Inventory reference: 16288

Notes

Awarding 120 acres of land to the bearer of the grant, being number 39 of 'Class C' certificates. Despite being dated for the December 31st 1830, a notice at the top of the certificate states that dividends are due by January 1st 1829.

Parallel text in English and French attests to the "just, true, full, and faithful" copy of the original grant from the King of the Mosquito Shore to "His Excellency General Sir Gregor MacGregor". Signed by Macgregor and four alleged trustees of Poyaisian territory. Blind-stamped by the Poyaisian Land Office over the words "Entered in the Land Book. Vol 6. Folio", as if to suggest that this grant is simply one amongst many.

The red-inked signature in the centre is illegible, but matches that of two identically-dated grants awarding 200 and 1,000 acres, respectively. One could argue that the purchaser, merry on New Years Eve, was persuaded to impulsively buy more and more acres as the night went on. This could explain why the signature on the grant with the highest number of acres is clumsily upside-down.

The Poyaisian Scheme (or Fraud) was the brainchild of the Scottish soldier Gregor MacGregor (1786-1845). He began his life of adventuring in Venezuela and Colombia. In 1820 he visited what is today Honduras, and claimed that while there he obtained a grant of eight million acres from George Frederick Augustus, king of the Mosquito Indians. Returning to London, Macgregor styled himself as Gregor I, prince of the independent state of Poyais. He set about publicising his fictitious state, setting up a land office in London and selling bonds to investors. The scheme began to unravel when, echoing the Darien scheme of the late seventeenth century, a group of around two hundred settlers, mostly Scots, sailed to Poyais. Discovering only a barren and inhospitable swampland, they were saved by a British rescue mission. MacGregor fled to Paris in late 1823 only to continue his activities there. After acquittal in a French fraud trial he returned to London in 1827.

In this grant, three years after his return to London, MacGregor is once again issuing bonds for a watered down version of his Poyaisian Scheme. Despite the ignominious failure of the last Poyaisian venture, and the publication in 1823 of an account by one of the original settlers of the desolate reality of MacGregor's promised land, MacGregor continued to issue land certificates to cover his mounting debts. He was able to maintain the scheme because public disapproval focused on speculators in South American loans rather than his misrepresentation of Poyais; a pamphlet warning investors about Poyais published in 1827 makes no mention of him at all. He did not, however, manage to repeat the success of the first scheme; he was forced to issue these certificates in 1834 to pay for unredeemed securities, and two years after this document was issued, he reprinted the 'Poyaisian constitution'. This was his final, futile attempt at profiting from Poyais; two years later, after the death of his wife, he moved to Venezuela and lived out his days there.

Bibliography

  1. Lambert and Lester, Colonial Lives Across the British Empire
  2. Sonneborn, Acquisition of Florida.

Image gallery

/